woolf简介

Virginia Woolf (1882-1941)，英国著名女作家，是现代主义文学和女性主义文学的代表人物之一。她的作品涉及小说、短篇小说、散文、回忆录等多个领域。代表作品包括《达洛维夫人》、《灰色衣服》、《怀旧的色彩》、《海上风景》等。

Woolf 以内心探索和流浪者意识为特点，追求人性的深度和细节。她笔下的人物多为中产阶级的知识分子，以及他们内心的挣扎、痛苦和希望。她同时也是女性主义的坚定支持者，倡导女性独立自主，呼吁社会重视女性的权利和地位。

Woolf 一生经历了家庭悲剧、心理疾病等多个挫折，但她的作品仍被誉为英国文学史上的杰作之一。她的文学成就为后人提供了广阔的探索领域。

小编还为您整理了以下内容，可能对您也有帮助：

弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙的介绍

弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙（Virginia Woolf，1882年1月25日－1941年3月28日）。英国女作家、文学批评家和文学理论家，意识流文学代表人物，被誉为二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋。两次世界大战期间，她是伦敦文学界的核心人物，同时也是布卢姆茨伯里派（Bloomsbury Group）的成员之一。最知名的小说包括《达洛维夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway）、《到灯塔去》（To the Lighthouse）等。

弗吉尼亚 伍尔芙简介？

弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙

弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙（Virginia Woolf‎1882年1月25日—1941年3月28日）。英国女作家，被认为是二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋之一。在两次世界大战期间，吴尔芙是伦敦文学界的核心人物，她同时也是布卢姆茨伯里派（Bloomsbury Group‎）的成员之一。其最知名的小说包括《戴洛维夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway‎）、《灯塔行》（To the Lighthouse‎）、《雅各的房间》（Jakob's Room‎）。

生平以及著作

出生于伦敦的伍尔芙是在家中接受教育的。结婚以前她的名字是艾德琳·弗吉尼亚·斯蒂芬（Adeline Virginia Stephen‎）。1895年母亲去世之后，她第一次精神崩溃。后来她在自传《存在的瞬间》（Moments of Being‎）中道出她和姐姐瓦内萨·贝尔（Vanessa Bell‎）曾遭受同母异父的哥哥乔治和杰瑞德·杜克沃斯（Gerald Duckworth‎）的性侵犯。1904年她父亲莱斯利·斯蒂芬爵士（Sir Leslie Stephen‎，著名的编辑和文学批评家）去世之后，她和瓦内萨迁居到了布卢姆斯伯里（Bloomsbury‎）。后来以她们和几位朋友为中心创立了布卢姆茨伯里派文人团体。她在1905年开始职业写作生涯，刚开始是为《泰晤士报文学增刊》撰稿。

1912年和雷纳德·伍尔夫（Leonard Woolf）结婚，丈夫是一位公务员、理论家。对于自己的婚姻，弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫曾大犯踌躇。她就像自己的小说《到灯塔去》里的莉丽，尽管认为爱情宛如壮丽的火焰，但因为必须以焚弃个性的“珍宝”为代价，因此视婚姻为“丧失自我身份的灾难”。一个女人抱持这样悲观的看法，又是在三十岁的“高龄”上才开始构筑“二人空间”，其困难是可想而知的。然而事后证明，弗吉尼亚的忧虑纯属多余，倒是她的心理症结落下的性恐惧和性冷淡，使婚姻生活从一开始就走上了歧路。 伦纳德毕业于剑桥大学，饶有文才，深具眼力，与其说他欣赏弗吉尼亚的娴雅风度，毋宁说他倾慕弗吉尼亚的超凡智慧。在他眼里，弗吉尼亚是只可远观不可亵玩的“智慧的童贞女”，在她身上完全不粘附世俗的色彩。应该说，起初，伦纳德心有不甘，他抱着幻想，认为自己能像王子唤醒睡美人那样唤醒弗吉尼亚体内的性意识。几经努力，徒劳无功之后，他创作小说《智慧的童贞女》，借用男主人公哈里·大卫的口吻谴责了冷血的女人，认为“那些长着白皮肤和金色头发的苍白的女人……是冰冷的，同时也使人冰冷”，他的这些心怀不忿的说辞（近乎指桑骂槐）无疑对弗吉尼亚的自尊构成了深深的伤害。弗吉尼亚婚后的“精神雪崩”给伦纳德适时地敲响了警钟，他决定从此认命，转而追求精神之爱这一更高远的境界。他这样做，仅需一条理由——“她是个天才”——就足够了。弗吉尼亚的感激之情也溢于言表，她明确地宣布伦纳德是自己生命中隐藏的核心，是她创造力的源泉。1930年，弗吉尼亚告诉一位朋友，没有伦纳德，她可能早就开自杀了。弗吉尼亚能以多病之身取得非凡的文学成就，伦纳德可谓居功至伟。

1915年，她的第一部小说《远航》出版，其后的作品都深受评论界和读者喜爱。大部分作品都是由自己成立的“贺加斯岀版”推岀。

伍尔芙被誉为20世纪最伟大的小说家之一，现代主义文流的先锋；不过她本人并不喜欢某些现代主义作者，如乔伊斯。她对英语语言革新良多，在小说中尝试意识流的写作方法，试图去描绘在人们心底的潜意识。爱德华·摩根·福斯特称她将英语“朝着光明的方向推进了一小步”。她在文学上的成就和创新性至今仍然产生著影响。二战后她的声望有所下降，但随著70年代女权主义的兴起，她又成为文学界关注的对象。

伍尔芙患有严重的抑郁症，她曾在1936年写给朋友的信中提及:

"....never trust a letter of mine not to exaggerate that's written after a night lying awake looking at a bottle of chloral and saying, No, no no, you shall not take it. It's odd how sleeplessness, even of a modified kind, has the power to frighten me. It's connected I think with these awful times when I couldn't control myself."

写作于一九四二年的《幕间》，是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫辞世之前的最后一部作品。当这部小说进展到约前五分之一的部分时，作家在让波因茨宅一个干粗活的女仆到清凉的睡莲池旁喘息片刻时顺便交待，十年前曾经有一位贵妇人在该处投水溺亡。那是一片浓绿的水，其间有无数鱼儿“遨游在以自我为中心的世界里，闪着亮光。”

这真是一个不详之兆：仅在小说完成又过了一个月之后，也就是1941年3月28日，举世无双的伍尔夫在自己的口袋里装满了石头，投入了位于罗德麦尔（Rodmell）她家附近的欧塞河（River Ouse）自尽。她在给丈夫的遗书中写道：

最亲爱的：

我感到我一定又要发狂了。我觉得我们无法再一次经受那种可怕的时刻。而且这一次我也不会再痊愈。我开始听见种种幻声，我的心神无法集中。因此我就要采取那种看来算是最恰当的行动。你已给予我最大可能的幸福。你在每一个方面都做到了任何人所能做到的一切。我相信，在这种可怕的疾病来临之前，没有哪两个人能像我们这样幸福。我无力再奋斗下去了。我知道我是在糟蹋你的生命；没有我，你才能工作。我知道，事情就是如此。你看，我连这张字条也写不好。我也不能看书。我要说的是：我生活中的全部幸福都归功于你。你对我一直十分耐心，你是难以置信地善良。这一点，我要说----人人也都知道。假如还有任何人能挽救我，那也只有你了。现在，一切都离我而去，剩下的只有确信你的善良。我不能再继续糟蹋你的生命。

我相信，再没有哪两个人像我们在一起时这样幸福。维

（据昆丁·贝尔（Quentin Bell：伍尔夫的侄子）所写的传记中原文译出）

现代研究

最近关于伍尔芙的研究大多关注于三个方向：女权主义、倾向及抑郁症病史。这方面的一个例子是1997年Eileen Barrett和Patricia Cramer所著的一系列文学批评：《Virginia Woolf: Lesbian Readings》。

1966年伊丽莎白·泰勒曾主演的电影《灵欲春宵》（Who's afraid of Virginia Woolf？），但这部影片的名字，却和Virginia Woolf没有丝毫关系，而是套用了一曲英国童谣，名为“Who's afraid of the big，bad wolf？”

在2002年，出现了一部以伍尔芙在写《达洛维夫人》期间故事为题材的电影《时时刻刻》（The Hours）。这部电影获得了奥斯卡最佳影片奖的提名，但是没有获奖。但是影片的主角妮可·基德曼（Nicole Kidman）获得了最佳女演员奖。这部电影取材于普利策奖得主麦克尔·坎宁安（Michael Cunningham）1998年的同名小说。其中“The Hours”是伍尔芙在创作期间为《达洛维夫人》所起的名字。不过从事伍尔芙研究的学者对影片所描绘的伍尔芙的形象非常不满。

出航（The Voyage Out） (1915年)

夜与日（Night and Day） (1919年)

雅各的房间（Jacob's Room） (1920年)

达洛维夫人（Mrs. Dalloway） (1925年)

到灯塔去（To the Lighthouse） (1927年)

奥兰多（Orlando: a Biography） (1928年)

海浪（The Waves） (1931年)

岁月（The Years） (1937年)

幕间（Between the Acts） (1941年)

鬼屋及其他（The Haunted House and Others）（短篇小说集）

随笔

一间自己的房间（A Room of One's Own ）(1929年)

普通读者I(The Common Reader)(1925年)

普通读者II(The Second Common Reader)(1933年)

三个畿尼(Three Guineas)(1938年)

罗杰.弗莱传记Roger Fry: A Biography (1940年)

飞蛾之死及其它The Death of the Moth and Other Essays (1942年)

瞬间及其它随笔The Moment and Other Essays (1948年)

存在的瞬间Moments of Being

现代小说Modern Fiction (1919年)

1992年9月16日在加拿大多伦多电影节，一部以基于Virginia Woolf‎的小说《Orlando》的同名电影上映。

因为亲密的女朋友离家出走而备感思念，为了表达思念之情，伍尔芙便以她为原型，创作了被称为“世界上最长，最动人的情书”的传奇小说《奥兰多》。

有评论家把伍尔芙的小说分为戏剧小说和实验小说两类，认为戏剧小说是其社会评论的戏剧化移植，使她能通过作品中的人物曲折地表达自己对社会问题的种种看法。《奥兰多》当在此列。小说突破年龄，性别的，追随主人公三百年间的传奇经历，在轻松幽默的表面情节下，以滑稽模仿的方式重审英国文学史，提出了将在同期出版的评论《一间自己的屋子》里将正式讨论的男女性差，妇女与文学等严肃问题。因此，这部关于，换装癖和双性同体的小说对女性主义批评含义无穷。而后殖民主义则十分关注奥兰多出使东方的经历。小说出版的年代，、种族等问题正一起困扰英国，成为公众热点话题。由此看来小说又不乏讽世之社会意义。

在女性主义尚未兴起之前，《奥兰多》一度被忽略。伍尔芙自己也戏称其为一个“玩笑”。近年来，随着女性主义文学理论的深入发展和后现代主义重读现代主义话题的提及，《奥兰多》愈来愈受到评论关注，成为女性主义批评的典范作家的精华作品。

virginia woolf 的个人简介（英文）

【生平】

Adeline Virginia Woolf (née Stephen; 25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941) was an English writer and one of the foremost modernists of the twentieth century.

During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a central figure in the influential Bloomsbury Group of intellectuals. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929), with its famous dictum, "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."

Woolf suffered from severe bouts of mental illness throughout her life, thought to have been the result of what is now termed bipolar disorder,and committed suicide by drowning in 1941 at the age of 59.

【作品及影响】

Woolf began writing professionally in 1900, initially for the Times Literary Supplement with a journalistic piece about Haworth, home of the Brontë family. Her first novel, The Voyage Out, was published in 1915 by her half-brother's imprint, Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd. This novel was originally titled Melymbrosia, but Woolf repeatedly changed the draft. An earlier version of The Voyage Out has been reconstructed by Woolf scholar Louise DeSalvo and is now available to the public under the intended title. DeSalvo argues that many of the changes Woolf made in the text were in response to changes in her own life.

Lytton Strachey and Woolf at Garsington, 1923 Woolf went on to publish novels and essays as a public intellectual to both critical and popular success. Much of her work was self-published through the Hogarth Press. She is seen as a major twentieth-century novelist and one of the foremost modernists.

Woolf is considered a major innovator in the English language. In her works she experimented with stream of consciousness and the underlying psychological as well as emotional motives of characters. Woolf's reputation declined sharply after World War II, but her importance was re-established with the growth of feminist criticism in the 1970s.

Virginia Woolf's peculiarities as a fiction writer have tended to obscure her central strength: she is arguably the major lyrical novelist in the English language. Her novels are highly experimental: a narrative, frequently uneventful and commonplace, is refracted—and sometimes almost dissolved—in the characters' receptive consciousness. Intense lyricism and stylistic virtuosity fuse to create a world overabundant with auditory and visual impressions.Woolf has often been credited with stream of consciousness writing alongside her modernist contemporaries like James Joyce and Joseph Conrad.

The intensity of Virginia Woolf's poetic vision elevates the ordinary, sometimes banal settings—often wartime environments—of most of her novels. For example, Mrs Dalloway (1925) centres on the efforts of Clarissa Dalloway, a middle-aged society woman, to organise a party, even as her life is paralleled with that of Septimus Warren Smith, a working-class veteran who has returned from the First World War bearing deep psychological scars.

To the Lighthouse (1927) is set on two days ten years apart. The plot centres on the Ramsay family's anticipation of and reflection upon a visit to a lighthouse and the connected familial tensions. One of the primary themes of the novel is the struggle in the creative process that beset painter Lily Briscoe while she struggles to paint in the midst of the family drama. The novel is also a meditation upon the lives of a nation's inhabitants in the midst of war, and of the people left behind. It also explores the passage of time, and how women are forced by society to allow men to take emotional strength from them.

Orlando (1928) is one of Virginia Woolf's lightest novels. A parodic biography of a young nobleman who lives for three centuries without ageing much past thirty (but who does abruptly turn into a woman), the book is in part a portrait of Woolf's lover Vita Sackville-West. It was meant to console Vita for the loss of her ancestral home, though it is also a satirical treatment of Vita and her work. In Orlando, the techniques of historical biographers are being ridiculed; the character of a pompous biographer is being assumed in order for it to be mocked.

The Waves (1931) presents a group of six friends whose reflections, which are closer to recitatives than to interior monologues proper, create a wave-like atmosphere that is more akin to a prose poem than to a plot-centred novel.

Flush: A Biography (1933) is a part-fiction, part-biography of the cocker spaniel owned by Victorian poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The book is written from the dog's point of view. Woolf was inspired to write this book from the success of the Rudolf Besier play The Barretts of Wimpole Street. In the play, Flush is on stage for much of the action. The play was proced for the first time in 1932 by the actress Katharine Cornell.

Her last work, Between the Acts (1941), sums up and magnifies Woolf's chief preoccupations: the transformation of life through art, sexual ambivalence, and meditation on the themes of flux of time and life, presented simultaneously as corrosion and rejuvenation—all set in a highly imaginative and symbolic narrative encompassing almost all of English history. This book is the most lyrical of all her works, not only in feeling but in style, being chiefly written in verse. While Woolf's work can be understood as consistently in dialogue with Bloomsbury, particularly its tendency (informed by G. E. Moore, among others) towards doctrinaire rationalism, it is not a simple recapitulation of the coterie's ideals.

Woolf's works have been translated into over 50 languages by writers such as Jorge Luis Borges and Marguerite Yourcenar.

急急急 ~！！求 virginia woolf 英语简介

(Adeline) Virginia Woolf (née Stephen; 25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941) was an English novelist and essayist, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century.

During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929), with its famous dictum, "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."

Woolf-- a major British novelist, essayist, and critic-- was one of the leaders in the literary movement of modernism. This elite group also included Gertrude Stein, James Joyce, Ezra Pound, and T. S. Eliot.

In her works, she used a technique called "stream of consciousness", revealing the lives of her characters by revealing their thoughts and associations.

Her most famous novel, "To the Lighthouse", which was written in 1927, examines the life of an upper middle class British family. It portrays the fragility of human relationships and the collapse of social values.

She was also a feminist, socialist, and pacifist who expressed her beliefs in essays such as "A Room of One's Own".

找了三段你选其中一段或者合并吧

哪里能找到弗吉尼亚伍尔夫的生平介绍英文版

http://www.classicreader.com/author.php/aut.40/

Virginia Woolf was born in London, as the daughter of Julia Jackson Duckworth, a member of the Duckworth publishing family, and Leslie Stephen, a literary critic, a friend of Meredith, Henry James, Tennyson, Matthew Arnold, and George Eliot, and the founder of the Dictionary of National Biography. Leslie Stephen's first wife had been the daughter of the novelist William Makepeace Thackeray. His daughter Laura from the first marriage was institutionalized because of mental retardation. In a memoir dated 1907 she wrote of her parents, "Beautiful often, even to our eyes, were their gestures, their glances of pure and unutterable delight in each other."

Woolf was ecated at home by her father, and grew up at the family home at Hyde Park Gate. In mddle age she described this period in a letter to Vita Sackville-West: "Think how I was brought up! No school; mooning about alone among my father's books; never any chance to pick up all that goes on in schools throwing balls; ragging; slang; vulgarities; scenes; jealousies!" Woolf's youth was shadowed by series of emotional shocks - her half-brother Gerald Duckworth sexually abused her and her mother died when she was in her early teens. Stella Duckworth, her half sister, took her mother's place, but died a scant two years later. Leslie Stephen, her father, suffered a slow death from cancer. When her brother Toby died in 1906, she had a prolonged mental breakdown.

Following the death of her father in 1904, Woolf moved with her sister Vanessa and two brothers to the house in Bloomsbury, which would become central to activities of the Bloomsbury group. "And part of the charm of those Thursday evenings was that they were astonishingly abstract. It was not only that Moore's book [Principia Ethica, 1903] had set us all discussing philosophy, art, religion; it was that the atmosphere - if in spite of Hawtrey I may use that word - was abstract in the extreme. The young men I have named had no 'manners' in the Hyde Park Gate sense. They criticized our arguments as severely as their own. They never seemed to notice how we were dressed or if we were nice looking or not." (from Moments of Being, ed. by Jeanne Schulkind, 1976) Vanessa agreed to marry the critic of art and literature Clive Bell. Virginia's economic situation improved she she inherited ￡2,500 from an aunt.

From 1905 Woolf began to write for the Times Literary Supplement. In 1912 she married the political theorist Leonard Woolf, who had returned from serving as an administarator in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Woolf published her first book, The Voyage Out, in 1915. In 1919 appeared Night and Day, a realistic novel set in London, contrasting the lives of two friends, Katherine and Mary. Jacob's Room (1922) was based upon the life and death of her brother Toby.

With To the Lighthouse (1927) and The Waves (1931) Woolf established herself as one of the leading writers of modernism. On the publication of To the Lighthouse, Lytton Strachey wrote: "It is really most unfortunate that she rules out copulation - not the ghost of it visible - so that her presentation of things becomes little more... than an arabesque - an exquisite arabesque, of course." The Waves is perhaps Woolf's most difficult novel. It follows in soliloquies the lives of six persons from childhood to old age. Louis Kronenberger noted in The New York Times that Woolf was not really corncerned with people, but "the poetic symbols, of life--the changing seasons, day and night, bread and wine, fire and cold, time and space, birth and death and change."

In these works Woolf developed innovative literary techniques in order to reveal women's experience and find an alternative to the male-dominated views of reality. In her essay 'Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown' Woolf argued that John Galsworthy, H.G. Wells and other realistic English novelist dealt in surfaces but to get underneath these surfaces one must use less restricted presentation of life, and such devices as stream of consciousness and interior monologue and abandon linear narrative.

Mrs. Dalloway (1925) formed a giant web of thoughts of several groups of people ring the course of a single day. There is little action, but much movement in time from present to past and back again through the characters memories. The central figure, Clarissa Dalloway, is a wealthy London hostess. She spends her day in London preparing for her evening party. She recalls her life before World War I, berofe her marriage to Richard Dalloway, and her friendship with the unconventional Sally Seton, and her relationship with Peter Walsh. At her party she never meets the shell-shocked veteran Septimus Smith, one of the first Englishmen to enlist in the war. Sally returns as Lady Rossetter, Peter Walsh is still enamored with Mrs. Dalloway, the prime minister arrives, and Smith commits suicide. To the Lighthouse had a tripartite structure: part 1 presented the Victorian family life, the second part covers a ten-year period, and the third part is a long account of a morning in which ghosts are laid to rest. The central figure in the novel, Mrs. Ramsay, was based on Woolf's mother. Also other characters in the book were drawn from Woolf's family memories.

"So that is marriage, Lily thought, a man and a woman looking at a girl throwing a ball." (from To the Lighthouse)

During the inter-war period Woolf was at the center of literary society both in London and at her home in Rodmell, near Lewes, Sussex. She lived in Richmond from 1915 to 1924, in Bloomsbury from 1924 to 1939, and maintained the house in Rodmell from 1919-41. The Bloomsbury group was initially based at the Gordon Square residence of Virginia and her sister Vanessa (Bell). The consolidation of the group's beliefs in unifying aesthetic concerns occurred under the influence of the philosopher G.E. Moore (1873-1958). The group included among others E.M. Forster, Lytton Strachey, Clive Bell, Vanessa Bell, Duncan Grant, and Leonard Woolf. By the early 1930s, the group ceased to exist in its original form.

In the event of a Nazi invastion, Woolf and Leonard had made provisions to kill themselves. After the final attack of mental illness Woolf loaded her pockets with stones and drowned herself in the River Ouse near her Sussex home on March 28, 1941. On her note to her husband she wrote: "I have a feeling I shall go mad. I cannot go on longer in these terrible times. I hear voices and cannot concentrate on my work. I have fought against it but cannot fight any longer. I owe all my happiness to you but cannot go on and spoil your life." Her suicide has colored interpretations of her works, which have been read perhaps too straightly as explorations of her own traumas.

Virginia Woolf's concern with feminist thematics are dominant in A Room of One's Own (1929). In it she made her famous statement: "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction." The book originated from two expanded and revised lectures the author presented at Cambridge University's Newnham and Girton Colleges in October 1928. It deals with the obstacles and prejudices that have hindered women writers, and analyzes the differences between women as objects of representation and women as authors of representation. Woolf argued that a change in the forms of literature was necessary because most literature had been "made by men out of their own needs for their own uses." In the last chapter it explores the possibility of an androgynous mind. Woolf refers to Coleridge who said that a great mind is androgynous and states that when this fusion takes place the mind is fully fertilized and uses all its faculties. "Perhaps a mind that is purely masculine cannot create, any more than a mind that is purely feminine..." Three Guineas (1938) examined the necessity for women to make a claim for their own history and literature. Orlando (1928), a fantasy novel, traced the career of the androgynous protagonist from a masculine identity within the Elisabethan court to a feminine identity in 1928. The book was illustrated with pictures of Woolf's lover, Vita Sackville-West, dressed as Orlando. According to Nigel Nicolson, the initiative to start the affair came as much on Virginia's side as on the more experienced Vita's. Their relationship coincided with a period of great creative proctivity in Woolf's career as a writer. In 1994 Eileen Atkins dramatized their letters in her play Vita and Virginia, starring Atkins and Vanessa Redgrave.

As an essayist Woolf was prolific, publishing some 500 essays in periodicals and collections, beginning 1905. Characteristic for Woolf's essays are dialogic nature of style and continual questioning of opinion - her reader is often directly addressed, in a conversational tone, and her rejection of an authoritative voice links her essays to the tradition of Montaigne.

virginia woolf 的简介

弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫（Virginia Woolf 1882－1941）原名弗吉尼亚·斯蒂芬，是英国现代著名的女小说家、评论家和散文作者。她的小说创作实践推动了现代小说的发展，她的理论进一步巩固了意识流小说的地位，她的影响在文学上经久不衰。但是，40年代到60年代，在英国对伍尔夫的评价一直偏低。从70年代起，英国文学研究领域却突发了对她重新研究的兴趣，甚至对她的“发疯”、相貌、癖性、爱好、私生活等等都有人进行专题研究。弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫已成为英国文学界的一位传奇人物。

《到灯塔去》简介、作者是谁？

作者：伍尔芙

这是一部作者倾注心血的准自传体意识流小说。小说以到灯塔去为贯穿全书的中心线索，写了拉姆齐一家人和几位客人在第一次世界大战前后的片段生活经历。拉姆齐先生的幼子詹姆斯想去灯塔，但却由于天气不好而未能如愿。后大战爆发，拉姆齐一家历经沧桑。战后，拉姆齐先生携带一双儿女乘舟出海，终于到达灯塔。而坐在岸边画画的莉丽·布里斯科也正好在拉姆齐一家到达灯塔的时候，在瞬间的感悟中，向画幅落下一笔，终于画出了多年萦回心头的幻象，从而超越自己，成为一名真正的艺术家。全书并无起伏跌宕的情节，内容分三个部分，依次为：窗；时光流逝；灯塔。最主要的人物拉姆齐夫人后来死去，其实际活动仅限于小说的前半部分。关于她的一系列描述，是以作者本人的母亲为生活原型的，而拉姆齐先生则有作者父亲的影子。此外，作者着墨最多的是莉丽·布里斯科。表面上看，莉丽语言寥寥，其主要行为主要是为拉姆齐夫人作画，但该人物的思想活动相当活跃，作者以自己为原型塑造了这个人物，并“为小说结构安排了潜在的双重线索和复合层次。……莉丽这个人物既在这部小说世界之中，又在它之外；拉姆齐一家的经历是第一层次的故事，莉丽所体现的‘艺术—生命’主要是第二层次的故事，是包裹在小说外面的又一部小说。”

关于伍尔夫的作品－《笑的价值》的详细介绍和该作品收录的书籍名称

弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙

弗吉尼亚·伍尔芙（Virginia Woolf‎1882年1月25日—1941年3月28日）。英国女作家，被认为是二十世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋之一。在两次世界大战期间，吴尔芙是伦敦文学界的核心人物，她同时也是布卢姆茨伯里派（Bloomsbury Group‎）的成员之一。其最知名的小说包括《戴洛维夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway‎）、《灯塔行》（To the Lighthouse‎）、《雅各的房间》（Jakob's Room‎）。

生平以及著作

出生于伦敦的伍尔芙是在家中接受教育的。结婚以前她的名字是艾德琳·弗吉尼亚·斯蒂芬（Adeline Virginia Stephen‎）。1895年母亲去世之后，她第一次精神崩溃。后来她在自传《存在的瞬间》（Moments of Being‎）中道出她和姐姐瓦内萨·贝尔（Vanessa Bell‎）曾遭受同母异父的哥哥乔治和杰瑞德·杜克沃斯（Gerald Duckworth‎）的性侵犯。1904年她父亲莱斯利·斯蒂芬爵士（Sir Leslie Stephen‎，著名的编辑和文学批评家）去世之后，她和瓦内萨迁居到了布卢姆斯伯里（Bloomsbury‎）。后来以她们和几位朋友为中心创立了布卢姆茨伯里派文人团体。她在1905年开始职业写作生涯，刚开始是为《泰晤士报文学增刊》撰稿。

1912年和雷纳德·伍尔夫（Leonard Woolf）结婚，丈夫是一位公务员、理论家。对于自己的婚姻，弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫曾大犯踌躇。她就像自己的小说《到灯塔去》里的莉丽，尽管认为爱情宛如壮丽的火焰，但因为必须以焚弃个性的“珍宝”为代价，因此视婚姻为“丧失自我身份的灾难”。一个女人抱持这样悲观的看法，又是在三十岁的“高龄”上才开始构筑“二人空间”，其困难是可想而知的。然而事后证明，弗吉尼亚的忧虑纯属多余，倒是她的心理症结落下的性恐惧和性冷淡，使婚姻生活从一开始就走上了歧路。 伦纳德毕业于剑桥大学，饶有文才，深具眼力，与其说他欣赏弗吉尼亚的娴雅风度，毋宁说他倾慕弗吉尼亚的超凡智慧。在他眼里，弗吉尼亚是只可远观不可亵玩的“智慧的童贞女”，在她身上完全不粘附世俗的色彩。应该说，起初，伦纳德心有不甘，他抱着幻想，认为自己能像王子唤醒睡美人那样唤醒弗吉尼亚体内的性意识。几经努力，徒劳无功之后，他创作小说《智慧的童贞女》，借用男主人公哈里·大卫的口吻谴责了冷血的女人，认为“那些长着白皮肤和金色头发的苍白的女人……是冰冷的，同时也使人冰冷”，他的这些心怀不忿的说辞（近乎指桑骂槐）无疑对弗吉尼亚的自尊构成了深深的伤害。弗吉尼亚婚后的“精神雪崩”给伦纳德适时地敲响了警钟，他决定从此认命，转而追求精神之爱这一更高远的境界。他这样做，仅需一条理由——“她是个天才”——就足够了。弗吉尼亚的感激之情也溢于言表，她明确地宣布伦纳德是自己生命中隐藏的核心，是她创造力的源泉。1930年，弗吉尼亚告诉一位朋友，没有伦纳德，她可能早就开自杀了。弗吉尼亚能以多病之身取得非凡的文学成就，伦纳德可谓居功至伟。

1915年，她的第一部小说《远航》出版，其后的作品都深受评论界和读者喜爱。大部分作品都是由自己成立的“贺加斯岀版”推岀。

伍尔芙被誉为20世纪最伟大的小说家之一，现代主义文流的先锋；不过她本人并不喜欢某些现代主义作者，如乔伊斯。她对英语语言革新良多，在小说中尝试意识流的写作方法，试图去描绘在人们心底的潜意识。爱德华·摩根·福斯特称她将英语“朝着光明的方向推进了一小步”。她在文学上的成就和创新性至今仍然产生著影响。二战后她的声望有所下降，但随著70年代女权主义的兴起，她又成为文学界关注的对象。

伍尔芙患有严重的抑郁症，她曾在1936年写给朋友的信中提及:

"....never trust a letter of mine not to exaggerate that's written after a night lying awake looking at a bottle of chloral and saying, No, no no, you shall not take it. It's odd how sleeplessness, even of a modified kind, has the power to frighten me. It's connected I think with these awful times when I couldn't control myself."

写作于一九四二年的《幕间》，是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫辞世之前的最后一部作品。当这部小说进展到约前五分之一的部分时，作家在让波因茨宅一个干粗活的女仆到清凉的睡莲池旁喘息片刻时顺便交待，十年前曾经有一位贵妇人在该处投水溺亡。那是一片浓绿的水，其间有无数鱼儿“遨游在以自我为中心的世界里，闪着亮光。”

这真是一个不详之兆：仅在小说完成又过了一个月之后，也就是1941年3月28日，举世无双的伍尔夫在自己的口袋里装满了石头，投入了位于罗德麦尔（Rodmell）她家附近的欧塞河（River Ouse）自尽。她在给丈夫的遗书中写道：

最亲爱的：

我感到我一定又要发狂了。我觉得我们无法再一次经受那种可怕的时刻。而且这一次我也不会再痊愈。我开始听见种种幻声，我的心神无法集中。因此我就要采取那种看来算是最恰当的行动。你已给予我最大可能的幸福。你在每一个方面都做到了任何人所能做到的一切。我相信，在这种可怕的疾病来临之前，没有哪两个人能像我们这样幸福。我无力再奋斗下去了。我知道我是在糟蹋你的生命；没有我，你才能工作。我知道，事情就是如此。你看，我连这张字条也写不好。我也不能看书。我要说的是：我生活中的全部幸福都归功于你。你对我一直十分耐心，你是难以置信地善良。这一点，我要说----人人也都知道。假如还有任何人能挽救我，那也只有你了。现在，一切都离我而去，剩下的只有确信你的善良。我不能再继续糟蹋你的生命。

我相信，再没有哪两个人像我们在一起时这样幸福。维

（据昆丁·贝尔（Quentin Bell：伍尔夫的侄子）所写的传记中原文译出）

现代研究

最近关于伍尔芙的研究大多关注于三个方向：女权主义、倾向及抑郁症病史。这方面的一个例子是1997年Eileen Barrett和Patricia Cramer所著的一系列文学批评：《Virginia Woolf: Lesbian Readings》。

1966年伊丽莎白·泰勒曾主演的电影《灵欲春宵》（Who's afraid of Virginia Woolf？），但这部影片的名字，却和Virginia Woolf没有丝毫关系，而是套用了一曲英国童谣，名为“Who's afraid of the big，bad wolf？”

在2002年，出现了一部以伍尔芙在写《达洛维夫人》期间故事为题材的电影《时时刻刻》（The Hours）。这部电影获得了奥斯卡最佳影片奖的提名，但是没有获奖。但是影片的主角妮可·基德曼（Nicole Kidman）获得了最佳女演员奖。这部电影取材于普利策奖得主麦克尔·坎宁安（Michael Cunningham）1998年的同名小说。其中“The Hours”是伍尔芙在创作期间为《达洛维夫人》所起的名字。不过从事伍尔芙研究的学者对影片所描绘的伍尔芙的形象非常不满。

出航（The Voyage Out） (1915年)

夜与日（Night and Day） (1919年)

雅各的房间（Jacob's Room） (1920年)

达洛维夫人（Mrs. Dalloway） (1925年)

到灯塔去（To the Lighthouse） (1927年)

奥兰多（Orlando: a Biography） (1928年)

海浪（The Waves） (1931年)

岁月（The Years） (1937年)

幕间（Between the Acts） (1941年)

鬼屋及其他（The Haunted House and Others）（短篇小说集）

随笔

一间自己的房间（A Room of One's Own ）(1929年)

普通读者I(The Common Reader)(1925年)

普通读者II(The Second Common Reader)(1933年)

三个畿尼(Three Guineas)(1938年)

罗杰.弗莱传记Roger Fry: A Biography (1940年)

飞蛾之死及其它The Death of the Moth and Other Essays (1942年)

瞬间及其它随笔The Moment and Other Essays (1948年)

存在的瞬间Moments of Being

现代小说Modern Fiction (1919年)

1992年9月16日在加拿大多伦多电影节，一部以基于Virginia Woolf‎的小说《Orlando》的同名电影上映。

因为亲密的女朋友离家出走而备感思念，为了表达思念之情，伍尔芙便以她为原型，创作了被称为“世界上最长，最动人的情书”的传奇小说《奥兰多》。

有评论家把伍尔芙的小说分为戏剧小说和实验小说两类，认为戏剧小说是其社会评论的戏剧化移植，使她能通过作品中的人物曲折地表达自己对社会问题的种种看法。《奥兰多》当在此列。小说突破年龄，性别的，追随主人公三百年间的传奇经历，在轻松幽默的表面情节下，以滑稽模仿的方式重审英国文学史，提出了将在同期出版的评论《一间自己的屋子》里将正式讨论的男女性差，妇女与文学等严肃问题。因此，这部关于，换装癖和双性同体的小说对女性主义批评含义无穷。而后殖民主义则十分关注奥兰多出使东方的经历。小说出版的年代，、种族等问题正一起困扰英国，成为公众热点话题。由此看来小说又不乏讽世之社会意义。

在女性主义尚未兴起之前，《奥兰多》一度被忽略。伍尔芙自己也戏称其为一个“玩笑”。近年来，随着女性主义文学理论的深入发展和后现代主义重读现代主义话题的提及，《奥兰多》愈来愈受到评论关注，成为女性主义批评的典范作家的精华作品。

VickiWoolf人物介绍

VickiWoolf

VickiWoolf是一名演员，主要作品有《一个流行歌手的自白》、《TheGreatWaltz》。

外文名：VickiWoolf

职业：演员

代表作品：《一个流行歌手的自白》

合作人物：诺曼·科恩

英国小说家艾略特简介

艾略特(1948)

[英国]

托马斯·史登斯·艾略特（Thomas Stearns Eliot，1888-1965）英美诗人、剧作家和批评家。生于美国密苏里州圣路易斯，祖籍英国。父亲是砖瓦商人，母亲是诗人，博学多才。1906年，艾略特进哈佛大学攻读哲学和英法文学，并走上了象征诗歌的创作道路。1910年走巴黎入索尔大学研究哲学和文学。1913年，任哈佛大学哲学系助教。1914年，赴伦敦入牛津大学学习希腊哲学。不久即成婚并定居英国，先后当过教师、银行职员、杂志编辑。1922年，创办文学评论季刊《标准》。1926年，任牛津大学讲师。1927年，加入英国国籍和国教。1952年，任伦敦图书馆馆长。1965年逝世。

艾艾略特从1909开始诗歌创作，先后出版《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》（1917）、《诗集》（1919）、《荒原》（1922）、《艾略特诗集》（1909-2925）、《东方贤人之旅》（1927）、《灰色的星期三》（1930）、《诗选》（1909-1935）、《四个四重奏》（1943）等。其中，《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》是早期诗歌的代表作；《荒原》产生于创作中期，是20世纪西方文学的划时代作品，现代主义诗歌的里程碑；《四个四重奏》是晚期诗歌的代表作。

30年代以后，艾略特以主要精力从事诗剧创作。主要作品有《大教堂凶杀案》（1935）、《合家团圆》（1539）、《鸡尾酒会》（1950）、《机要秘书》（1954）、《政界元老》（1959）。

艾略特还是英美新批评派的奠基人之一，主要论著有《传统与个人才能》（1917）、《论玄文学派诗人》（1921）、《批评的功能》（1923）、《诗与批评的效用》（1933）等。

艾略特自称在上是保皇派，宗教上是英国天主教徒，文学上是古典主义者。他的文化思想属于新经院主义和僧侣主义的范畴，主张以宗教为和文化中心，以"宗教复兴"来挽救西方资本主义的文明危机。艾略特的文学创作和评论著作对英美20世纪现代派文学和新批评理论起了开拓作用，被誉为"现代文学批评大师"，并一度成为英美诗界的领袖人物。

1948年，“由于他对当代诗歌作出的卓越贡献和所起的先锋作用”，艾略特获得诺贝尔文学奖。