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shewastocomethere.是什么时态

shewastocomethere.是什么时态

she was to come there是过去将来时。过去将来时又称一般过去将来时,它表示的是从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态,其中一个用法搭配就是was/were going to+动词原形。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。一般过去将来时的出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。在英语时态中,时指动作发生的时间,态指动作的样子和状态。

小编还为您整理了以下内容,可能对您也有帮助:

she+was+to+come+there.是什么

she+was+to+come+there.

这个是过去将来时。

be +to 不是将来时。

come there不大用,除非这个there就在两个说话人的眼前。

come here比较好。

勤学好问 天天进步!

comes是什么时态?最好来个come的例子. 一般现在时和现在进行时有什么区别吗?

comes是单三形式,属于一般现在时.

如,She comes from America.

一般现在时和现在进行时的区别

一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情

现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情,如:

Tom plays tennis every Sunday.

Where’s Tom?-------He is playing tennis.

What do you do?你是干什么工作的?

What are you doing here?你在这里干什么?

一般现在时是表示经久的情况,而现在进行时表示的是暂时的,如:

My parents live in Shanghai.They have been there for 50 years.

She’s living with some friends until she can find an apartment.

英语的全部时态

英语动词的时态1.一般现在时一般现在时的形式是以动词的原形表示的,当主语为第三人称单数时,做谓语的动词原形后要加上词尾-sor-es,其构成方式列表如下:情况构成例词一般情况词尾加-sReads,writes以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的词词尾加-esTeaches,washes,guesses,fixes,goes以辅音字母+Y结尾的词变Y为I,再加-esTries,carries但是,动词tobe和tohave的一般现在时的形式特殊如下:一般动词的词形变化Tobe的词形变化Tohave的词形变化IitIamastudentIhaveapen.Youit.YouareastudentYouhaveapenHe(she)sit.He(she)isastudent.He(she)hasapen.We(you,they)it.We(you,they)arestudents.We(you,they)havepens.一般现在时的功用1.表示一直发生的事情,经常发生的动作:Nurseslookafterpatientsinhospitals.Excuseme,doyouspeakEnglish?Igetupato’clockeverymorning.ItoftenrainsinsummerinBeijing..表示客观事实或者真理:Birdsfly.Theearthgoesaroundthesun..谈论时间表、旅程表等,如:Whattimedoesthefilmbegin?Thefootballmatchstarto’clock.TomorrowisThursday..谈论籍贯、国籍等,如:Wheredoyoucomefrom?IcomefromCna.你是哪国人?我是中国人。Wheredoyoucomefrom?IcomefromGuangzhou.你是哪里人?我是广州人。.询问或者引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信笺内容,如:Whatdoesthatnotice?WhatdoesAnninherletter?Shesshe’scomingtoBeijingnextweek.Shakespearss,“Neitheraborroweroralenderbe.”莎士比亚说:“既不要向人借,也不要借给别人。”一般过去时一般过去时是表示在说话时间以前发生的动作或者状态的动词时态,它是英语时态体系中最重要的时态之一。1)一般过去时规则动词的构成形式:规则动词在其原形后面加-ed:towork-worked以字母e结尾的规则动词,只加-d:tolove---loved对所有人称均无词形变化。否定式均由didnot+动词原形构成Iyouheshetheywedidnotwork.疑问式均由did+主语+动词原形构成拼写注意:情况变化例词动词为单音节,以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾辅音字母双写,再加-edStop-stoppedAdmit-admitted以y结尾的动词,在y前为辅音字母时Y变为I,加-edCarry-carriedHurry-hurried以y结尾的动词,在y前为元音字母时加-edObey-obeyedEnjoy---enjoyed在英语当中有一部分动词的过去式变化形式是不规则的,这类动词被称为不规则动词。哦 还有一件事 我目前上的ABC天丅英语中心的教师和我们说过,事实上要学好英语很简单的。坚持要有一个好的研习空间跟熟练口语对象 老师水平是关键 标准口音才行,持续每日口语沟通 1v1家教式辅导才可以有很.好.的进步幅度。课程结束后同样要重复温习课堂录音档,来进一步深化知识~若真的是没有人可以指导 那么就到旺旺或爱思得到课外教材学习 多说多练短时间语感就提升起来,学习成长会非常突飞猛进的。总数大概不过00多个,但是使用频率很高。主要分成三类:1》第一类不规则动词的三种形式同形,如:costcostcostcutcutcuthurthurthurtshutshutshutsetsetset注意,有些动词的过去式与过去分词有两中形式,如:betbetbettedbetbettedwedwedweddedwedweddedwetwetwettedwetwetted》第二类不规则动词的过去式和过去分词同形,如:bendbentbentbringbroughtbroughtcatchcaughtcaughtdeddddengetgotgotgotten(AmE)leadledled》第三类不规则动词的原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同,如:原形过去式过去分词beginbeganbegunbreakbrokebrokenforbidforbadeforbiddengrowgrewgrownringrangrungwakewokewakedwokenwaked此外还有少数不规则动词的过去分词与原形相同,如:comecamecomebecomebecamebecomerunranrun一般过去时的功用1)表示一个没指明具体时间的过去的行动,如:Heworkedinthatbankforfouryears.(没说明起始时间,但是现在不在那里工作了)。TheyoncesawDengXiaopin.DidyoueverhearBackStreetBoysing?)表示在过去特定的时间结束的行动,如:Whendidyoumeetm?Imetmyesterday.WhenwelivedinPhoenix,westudiedatArizonaStateUniversity.Wherehaveyoubeen?I’vebeentotheopera.Didyouenjoyit?)表示过去的习惯Healwayscarriedanumbrella.Theyneverdrankwine.现在完成时的形式现在完成时由tohave的现在时+过去分词构成:肯定式否定式疑问式否定疑问式IhaveworkedIhavenotworkedHaveIworked?HaveInotworked?YouhaveworkedYouhavenotworkedHaveyouworked?Haveyounotworked?He(she)hasworked.He(she)hasnotworked.Hashe(she)worked?Hashe(she)notworked?We(youthey)haveworked.We(youthey)havenotworked.Havewe(youthey)worked?Havewe(youthey)notworked?紧缩形式现在完成时的功用现在完成时可以说成是兼有现在与过去意义的一种复合时态。它与现在有密切联系,如:------Oh,dear,I’veforgottenhername.和现在的联系就是Idon’trememberhernamenow.------ForthasgonetoCanada.和现在的联系就是Heisnothere.HeisinCanadanow.1)表示延续到现在的动作(有时是总计做了多少次等)。HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentotheUnitedStates?Shereallylovesthatfilm.Shehasseeniteighttimes.TomhaslivedinNowYorkallslife.)表示开始与过去而在说话时刻结束的行动,如:Ihaven’tseenyouforages.我好久没见到你了。(说话时刻已经见到了)Tsroomhasn’tbeencleanedformonths.(也许从说话开始时刻就要打扫它了))表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响,如:Thewindowhasbroken.)和最高级连用,表示到现在为止是最……的Whataboringfilm!It’sthemostboringfilmI’veeverseen.Isitatckbook?------Yes,itisthetckestbookI’veeverread.)和句型Tsisthefirsttime…,It’sthefirsttime连用,如:Tsisthefirsttimehehasdrivenacar.(相当于hehasneverdrivenacarbefore.)Iststhefirsttimeyou’vebeeninhospital?ProfessorJohnsonhaslostspassportagain.It’sthesecondtimehehaslostit.)和ever,never,yet,just,already等副词连用,如:HaveyouevereatenFrenchcheese?Wehaveneverhadaprivatecar.Hasitstoppedrainingyet?(yet表示期待雨停止)Wouldyoulikesometngtoeat?No,thanks.I’vejusthadlunch.Don’tforgettomailtheletter,willyou?I’vealreadymailedit.(already表示比预料的要快))与since连用,since表示与某一时刻或从句连用,表示“从那一刻到说话时为止”,它总是与完成时连用,如:Shehasbeenheresinceo’clock.Hehasn’tbeenmselfsincetheaccident.(那次事故后,他从未完全康复)SinceIwasacldIhavelivedinEngland.一般过去时与现在完成时的比较1)过去时仅仅表示过去,现在完成时还表示与现在的关系,如:Hehaslostskey.Helostskey.)与现在无关的或者过去很久的历史事件不能用现在完成时TheCneseinventedprinting.ShakespearwroteHamlet.)如果说明动作有特定的过去时间,就不能用现在完成时,如:Didyouseethefilmontelevisionlastnight?Tomlostskeyyesterday.询问某事发生的具体时间或者地点时(when,whattime,where),when,whattime,where),用一般过去时,如:Whattimedidtheyarrive?Whenandwherewereyouborn?比较:HaveyouseeAnntsmoring?(说话时仍为上午)DidyouseeAnntsmorning?(说话时为下午)JackhaslivedinLondonforsixyears.还在伦敦住JacklivedinLondonforsixyears.先不住伦敦了Ihaveneverplayedgolfinmylife.Ididn’tplaygolfwhenIwasonholidaylastsummer.现在进行时现在进行时是由助动词tobe的现在时+现在分词构成:肯定式否定式疑问式Iamworking.Youareworking.He(she)isworking.We(you,they)areworking.Iamnotworking.Youarenotworking.He(she)isnotworking.We(you,they)arenotworking.AmIworking?Areyouworking?Ishe(she)working?Arewe(you,they)working?现在分词的构成,是在动词原形上加-ing,但是应该注意:情况变化例词动词以单个e结尾去掉e,加ingLove_lovingArgue_arguing动词以-ee结尾直接加ingAgree_agreeingSee_seeing动词为单音节:以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾辅音字母双写,再加ingt_ttingRun_runningStop_stopping动词为双音节或者多音节:最后一个音节为重读音节,以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾辅音字母双写,再加ingBe’ginbe’ginningAd’mitad’mitting以y结尾的动词直接加ingCarrycarryingEnjoyenjoying现在进行时的功用1)表示说话时正在发生或者进行的动作Pleasedon’tmakesomuchnoise,I’mstudying.Let’sgetout.Itisn’traininganymore.)表示在现在相对较长一段时间内正在进行的动作,但是说话一刻不一定在做的动作HaveyouheardaboutTom?Heisbuildingsownhouse.DavidisteacngEnglishandlearningCneseinBeijing.这些动作,在说话时并不一定在发生或进行,而是在包括说话的一刹那在内的一段时间内发生、进行的。)表示最近的确定的安排Anniscomingtomorrow.Oh,isshe?Whattimeisshearriving?At10:1.Areyoumeetingheratthestation?Ican’t.I’mworkingtomorrowmorning.以上句子也可以用begoingto(do)的形式来表示。但是谈论已确定的安排时候,用现在进行时态显得更加自然,除非受到动词的功能的。在此,切不可用will,如:Alexisgettingmarriednextmonth.不能用willgetmarried.)和always连用表示某种情绪,可能是厌烦也可能是赞扬,如:Tomisalwaysgoingawayforweekends.Myhusbandisalwaysdoinghomework.有些动词是表示一种状态而不是动作,一般不用于进行时。例如,我们一般不说Iaming,而说I.常见的这类动词有:wantlikehateseehearbelieveunderstandseemtnk(相信)supposerememberneedloverealizemeanforgetpreferhave(拥有)belongTounderstandistoaccept.理解就是接受DoyoulikeBeijing?Doyouseetherainbow?Iremembermverywell.ItnkIunderstandwhathewants.一般现在时和现在进行时的比较一般现在时表示的是一般、重复的动作或者事情现在进行时表示说话时或说话前后正在发生的动作或事情,如:TomplaystenniseverySunday.Where’sTom?-------Heisplayingtennis.Whatdoyoudo?你是干什么工作的?Whatareyoudoinghere?你在这里干什么?一般现在时是表示经久的情况,而现在进行时表示的是暂时的,如:MyparentsliveinShanghai.Theyhavebeentherefor0years.She’slivingwithsomefriendsuntilshecanfindanapartment.过去进行时过去进行时的构成形式为:IheshewasWetheyyouwere+动词的现在分词过去进行时的功用1)表示在过去某个时间后者某段时间正在进行的动作,如:WhenIrangmup,hewashavingdinner.TstimelastyearIwaslivinginShanghai.Whatwereyoudoingat10o’clocklastnight?)过去进行时和一般过去时连用,表示在一个动作发生的过程中,发生了另一个动作,如:ItwasrainingwhenIgotup.IfellasleepwhenIwaswatcngtelevision.)过去一般时所说明的动作是已经完成的,而过去进行时不表示正在进行的动作一定会完成,如:Tomwascookingthedinner.Tomcookedthedinner.现在完成进行时其构成形式如下:IwetheyhaveHesheithasbeen+动词的现在分词功用如下:1)表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如:Annisverytired.Shehasbeenworkinghard.Whyareyouclothessodirty?Whathaveyoubeendoing?)表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如:Ithasbeenrainingfortwohours.(现在还在下)Jackhasn’tbeenfeelingverywellrecently.)表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如:Shehasbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.)现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如:Tom’shandsareverydirty.Hehasbeenrepairingthecar.Thecarisgoingagainnow.Tomhasrepairedit.

想要英语中所有时态的结构!!!

一、 一般现在时:

用动词原型表示,但单数第三人称后要加-s,在词尾加-s时要注意:

1. 一般情况:加-s 例:reads,writes,says

2. 以s,x,ch,sh收尾的词加-es 例:teaches,washes,guesses

3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es 例:try—tries,carry—carries。

这个时态的疑问句一般以句首加助动词do,does构成。句中动词要用原型动词be提前:

do you know it?

are you students?

does she have a pen?

1.一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作:

we always care for each other and help each other。

they cycle to work every day。

2.现在的特征或状态:

he loves sports。

do you sing?a little。

i major in english。

3. 遍真理:

light travels faster than sound。

two and four makes six。

the moon moves round the earth。

有些表示状态和感觉的动词常常可用于一般现在时:be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,understand,remember,believe,recognize,guess,suppose,mean,belong,think(以为),feel,envy,doubt,remain,consist,contain,seem,look(看起来),see,fit,suit,owe,own,hear,find,suggest,propose,allow,show(说明),prove,mind(在意),have(有),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),matter,require,possess,desire等等。

i feel a sharp pain in my chest。

the soup contains too much salt。

you see what i mean?

the coat fits you very well。

how do you find the book?

有些表示动作的动词间或可用于这一时态,表示现刻的动作,由于动作持续时间机短,用于进行时不自然:

i send you my best wishes。

i salute your courage。

now i extend my heartfelt thanks to you。

在口语中这个时态用来表示一个按规定、计划或安排发生的情况(这是都有一个表示未来时间的状语):

when do the train leave(stop at jinan)?

the plane take off at 11 am。

tomorrow is saturday。

is there a firm on tonight?

但这只限少数动词,如begin,come,go,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,dine,end,stop,depart,open,close,be等。另外,在时间或条件从句中,将来动作或状态多用这一时态表示:

tell her about that when she come。

turn off the light before you leave。

we‘ll start as soon as you are ready。

在口语中,这个时态间或可以用来表示一个已经发生的动作(这个动作发生的时间在说话人脑中处于很不重要的地位):

they say xiao wu is back。is that true?

xiao yu tells me you‘re going abroad。

oh,i forget where he lives。

yes,you answer quite well。

此外一般现在时还多用于报刊、电影、电视解说等其他几种情况。

二、 现在进行时

现在进行时用助动词be的人称形式加现在分词构成,它的肯定、否定、疑问形式如下:

i am working。

i am not working。

am i working?

现在进行时主要表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。

where are they having the basket-ball match?

they are putting up the scaffolding。

he‘s showing a foreign guest round the city。

在不少情况下,表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子,并没有“正在”这样的字,在译为英语时却必须用进行时态:

how are you getting on with the work?

the work is going fairly smoothly。

you are making rapid progress。

it is blowing hard。

who are you waiting for?

whenever i see her,she is working in the garden。我每次看到她时,她总是在花园里干活。

在一般现在时所列的表示状态和感觉的动词,一般不能用于进行时态,因为他们不能表示正在进行的动作。但如果词义转变,能表示一个正在进行的动作,就能够用于进行时态,试比较下面的句子:

do you see anyone over there?你看到那里有什么人吗?

are you seeing someone off?你在给谁送行吗?

i hear someone singing。我听见有人唱歌。

they are hearing an english talk?他们在听一个英语报告。

what do you think of it?你觉得这怎么样?

what are you thinking about?你在想什么?

另外,表示无法持续动作的动词,一般不宜用于进行时态,但有些可以用于这个时态表示重复、即将等:

he is jumping up and down。她一上一下地跳着。

the train is arriving。火车就要进站了。

the old man is dying。老头病危了。

现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安安排要进行的动作(这是多有一个表示未来时间的状语):

we are leaving on friday。

are you going anywhere tomorrow?

a foreign guest is giving a lecture in english this afternoon。

xiao hong!coming。

who is interpreting for you?

we are having a holiday next monday。

但这仅限于少量动词,如go,come,leave,start,arrive,lunch,return,dine,work,sleep,stay,play,do,have,wear等。

另外,“be going+不定式”这个结构经常用来表示即将发生的事或打算(准备)做的事:

i am afraid it is going to rain。

it is going to be rather cold tomorrow。

she is not going to speak at the meeting。

在这个结构中过去有许多人不赞成用go和come这两个动词,感到很别扭,主张不说are you going to go anywhere tomorrow?而说are you going anywhere tomorrow?不说is she going to come?而说is she coming?但现在在这种结构中用两个动词的人越来越多,这种用法基本上被大家接受了。

此外,在时间和条件状语从句中,间或也可用现在进行时表示将来的情况或一般情况:

do not mention this when you are talking with him。

remember that when you are taking a rest,some else is always working。

if she is still sleeping,do not wake her up。

现在进行时有时用来代替一般现在时,表示一个经常性动作或状态,这是或是为了表示一种感情(a)如赞叹、厌烦等,或是为了强调情况的暂时性(b)。

a. how are you feeling today?(比how do you feel today?更显亲切)

xiao hua is doing fine work at school。(比xiao hua does fine work at school。更富赞美)

he is always thinking of his work。表赞许

he is constantly leaving his thing about。她老是乱扔东西。(表不满)

he is always boasting。他老爱说大话。(表厌烦)

b.he is sleeping in the next room now。他现在现在是在隔壁房间睡了(不再原来房间睡了)。

the professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill。

where is he working?他现在在那里工作?(可能刚换工作)

for this week we are starting work at 7:30。

he is walking to work because his bicycle is being repaired。

be间或可用于进行时态,表示一时的表现:

you are not being modest。

he is being silly。

she is being friendly。

xiao hong is being a good girl today。

do not talk rot。i am being serious。

注: 在there和here引起的句子中,常可用一般现在时代替现在进行时:

here comes the bus。(=the bus is coming.)

there goes the bell. (=the bell is ringing.)

在某些情况下两种情况都可以用,没有多少差别:

i wonder (am wondering) how i should answer then.

does your leg hurt? (is your leg hurting?)

it itches (is itching) terribly.

my back aches (is aching).

i write (am writing ) to inform you.

未完待续。。。

(发帖时间:2004-01-06 19:51:16)

---3dnow【外语学习成员】

三、 一般将来时

一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原型构成,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称。这个时态的肯定、否定及疑问机构可表示如下:

i shall go.

i shall not go.

shall i go?

除英国以外的说英语的国家,在陈述句中,即使在第一人称一般也用will,在英国也有这种趋势,在口语中常紧缩为i’ll.

一般将来时表示将要发生的动作和情况:

i will (shall) arrive tomorrow.

will you be busy tonight?

the agreement will come into force next spring.

we won’t (shan’t) be free tonight.

有时表示将来的时间状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况:

i will think it over.

who will take the chair?

will she come?

they won’t object it.

在以i 或 we 作主语的问句中,一般用shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b):

a. shall i make a fair copy of it?

which book shall i read first?

where shall we meet?

b. shall we have any classes tomorrow?

when shall we have the rehearsal?

shall i be able to find them there?

在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是美国。

what will we do?

how will get there?

which will i take?

注意在时间或条件状语从句中,一般不能用将来时态,而用现在时态代替:

i’ll let you have the book when i’m through.

they’ll fight till they win complete victory.

i’ll be round to see you if i have time tomorrow.

注:在两种情况下条件从句可以用一般将来时:

1. 表示愿望:

if they won’t cooperate, our plan will fall flat.

2.主句的谓语表时现在的情况:

if he won’t arrive this morning, why should we wait here。

表示将要发生的动作或情况,除了一般将来时外,还有一些其他结构和时态:

1. be going +不定式(表打算、准备作的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事):

we ‘re going to put up a building here.

how are you going to spend your holiday?

who is going to speak first?

2. be +不定式(表示按计划安排要发生的事或用来征求对方的意见):

when is the factory to go into proction?

the line is (going) to be opened to traffic next week.

am i to (=shall i ) go on with the work?

3.一般现在时(限于某些动词,表示按计划或时刻要发生的事):

school finishes on january 18th.

we get off at the next stop.

when does the winter vacation begin?

4.现在进行时(限于某些动词,表示按计划安排要发生的事):

we are having an english evening tonight.

they are playing some folk music next.

i am talking the children to the zoo (on sunday ).

在单纯表示将来情况,特别是谈一连串的事情或在带时间或条件状语从句的句子中,谓语多用将来时:

next term i will try to do better. i’ll speak more english and do more reading-aloud.

he’ll come to see you when he has time.

he’ll tell you if you ask him.

在表示打算或准备时,如不提时间、条件等,多用be going to这个结构,用一般将来时时很少的,特别是在口语中:

he is going to buy a dictionary.(很少说he will buy a dictionary.)

在谈即将发生的情况时,用be going to 这个结构也多一些。在表示按计划安排要做得事时,用be to 的时候也不少。另外还有将来进行时等时态也可表示将来的动作。

注:be about to 可表示即将作某事

we are about to leave.

he is about to retire.

一般将来时有时还可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作:

a drowning man will catch at a straw.

crops will die without water.

oil will float on water.

注:这一时态有时用来表示揣测(a)或容量(b):

a. that man in the middle will be the visiting minister.

b. the hall will seat 500people.

四、 一般过去时

一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,动词be有was, were两个过去式,was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于其他情况。在构成否定及疑问句时,一般都借助助动词did, 动词be有其独特的疑问及否定形式(基本上和一般现在时一致)。这个时态的三种结构可表示如下:

一般动词:

i worked there.

i did not work there.

did you work there?

动词be:

i was there.

i was not there.

was i there?

一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性动作)

who put forward the suggestion?

when did she leave?

she often came to help us.

有些情况,发生的时间不很清楚,但实际上是过去发生的,应当用过去时态:

i was glad to get your letter.

what was the final score?

how did you like their performance?

*在谈到已死去人的情况多用过去时:

lao she was a great writer.

my grandmother was kind to us.

有时两种时态都可以用:

brahms was/is one of the greatest representative of german classicalism.

注:在口语中一般过去时有时可用来代替一般现在时,使语气变得婉转一些,例如在下面句子中用一般现在时或一般过去时都可以,但用过去时显得客气一些(带有更多商量的口吻):

do/did you want to see me?

i wonder/wondered if you could spare a few minutes.

i want/wanted to ask if i can/could borrow your bike.

未完待续。。让大家久等了。第一次自己敲键盘发帖子。好累呀。:(

---3dnow【外语学习成员】

五、 现在完成时

现在完成时由have的人称形式加过去分词构成。他的肯定、否定及疑问形式如下:

i have read it.

i have not read it.

have you read it?

现在完成时表示现刻以前发生的动作或情况,可以是:

1. 到现在为止的这一时期中发生的情况(可能时多次动作的总和,也可表示状态和习惯性动作):

we have opened up 200 mu of land this year.

how many pages have you covered today?

i haven’t seen him for many days.

2. 对现状有影响的某一已发生的动作:

the delegation has already left.

i have seen the film many times.

the city has taken on a new look.

注: 这个时态有时还可以表示过去曾发生过一次或多次的情况,也可以说是一种经历:

all our children have had measles.

man’s hairs have grown white in a single might.

he says that he has seen a meteor at some time.

这个时态的基本特点是它和现在有密切的联系,或是讲迄今为止这一段时间的情况,或是讲一个影响现状的动作,这样它不是从时间上就是从后果上和现在联系起来。根据这个特点我们可以判断什么时候用一般过去时,什么时候用现在完成时:

1. 当有一个表示过去某时的状语(包括when)时,不能用现在完成时:

i saw her a minute ago.

just now xiao lin came to see you.

when did you get to know it?

2.当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时,多用现在完成时:

up till now we have planted over 24,000 fruit trees.

we haven’t had any physical training classes this week.

he has learned a good deal since he came here.

3.在用already, yet, just, as yet, ever, never这类副词作状语时,常可用现在完成时:

this is the second game. they ’ve already won a game.

have you got the plan ready yet? –no, not yet.

i’ve just received a money order.

4.在单独谈一个过去的动作,不涉及它对现在的影响时,通常用一般过去时,如果谈一件已经发生的事,不考虑它是什么时候发生的,而主要考虑对现在的影响,多用现在完成时:

did you get up very early?

has he got up?

what did you have for lunch?

have you had lunch?

i got the news from xiao yu.

i’ve got no news from him.

注: 有since引起的状语时,主要谓语通常用完成时态:

we met in 1972,and have been good friends ever since (then).

it has rained a great deal since you left.

we haven’t seen each other again since them (since we parted in 1952). 但在表示时间长度时可用一般现在时。

l 在使用一个表示状态的动词(如be, seem等)作谓语时,间或也可用现在时态:

it’s ok since i fixed it.

it seems a long time since i was here.

i’m getting interested in china since you came here. 间或用过去时,特别时在口语中。

i lost ten pounds since i started swimming.

在since引起的状语从句中,通常用一般过去时。但间或可用现在完成时:

i haven’t seen him since i have been back.

since i have known her, she has been fond of sports.

有时同样一句汉语,由于使用场合不用,译成英语时可能需要不同时态:

has xiao yang come?

did xiao yang come?

how many people have gone to the factory?

how many people went to the factory?

we haven’t invited him.

we didn’t invite him.

有时同样一个动作,也随着说话的意图不同而用不同时态表示:

has he gone to town? how did he go there? 后一句谈动作本身,与现在无联系。

have you had your lunch? where did you have it? 你吃中午饭了吗?在那吃的?

has she left? why did she leave so early?

某些动词的现在完成时刻表示一直持续到现在的状态:

how have you been (recently)?

the conference has lasted five days.

we’ve known each other since we were children.

特别是动词be,是常常这样用的:

he’s been back for three days. (不能用has come back)

she has been a teacher for ten years. (不能说has become)

he has been in college for a year. (不能说has entered)

由于come, become, enter和get up 等动词都只代表一个短暂的动作,不能代表一个延续的状态,这是需要用be来表示延续的状态:

另外有少数动词(主要是work, study, teach, live等)可用于现在完成时表示一直持续到现在的一个动作:

how long have you worked here?

she has taught english for many years.

we’ve lived here for quite a few years.

但大多数动词不宜这样用,而需用现在完成进行时。

注:have been (to)长可用来表示“到过某地”或“刚去做过某事”

have you ever been to xi’an?

xiao liu has just been here.

we’ve been here(there)many times.

l 现在完成时还可用在表示时间或条件的状语从句中,表示将来某时业已完成的动作:

i’ll go and see the exhibition as soon as i have got the recorder fixed.

we’ll start at five o’clock if it has stopped raining by then

i will gibe my opinion when i have read the book through.

这利用“现在完成时”时表示这动作将在另一动作之前完成。如果两个动词同时发生,或几乎同时发生,(也就是说一个动作紧接着另一个动作),一般就不用这个时态:

i’ll let you know as soon as i hear from her.

she’ll write you when she gets there.

在这样的情况下(特别是当我们用的是get, arrive, see, hear, leave, return 等代表迅即完成的动作的动词时),多用一般现在时。有时两种时态都可以用:

we’ll leave as soon as it stops(has stopped) raining.

i’ll tell him after you leave (have left).

注:have got 形式上时现在完成时,却和have时同一个意思:

she has got (=has) a slight temperature.

have you got (=do you have) any sisters?

另外,现在有一种倾向,特别是在美国,在随便谈话时,常用一般过去时代替现在完成时:

i saw it already (=i have seen it already).

did you return the records yet (=have you returned the records yet)?

i just come back (=i’ve just come back).

能给我所有英语时态的详细介绍么。。。

八种时态 主动语态 被动语态

一般现在时 (经常,反复,爱好,特点,条件,真理) do; does am;is;are done

一般过去时 (过去发生的事,不强调现在的结果) did; -ed was;were done

一般将来时 (将要发生的事) will do will be done

现在进行时 (现在正在发生的事) am;is;are doing am;is;are being done

过去进行时 (当时正在发生的事) was;were doing was;were being done

现在完成时 (过去发生的事,强调现在的结果) have;has done have;has been done

过去完成时 (过去完成的事;过去以前发生的事) had done had been done

过去将来时 (过去将要发生的事) would do would be done

八种时态:

• He is always ready to help others. 一般现在时

• She often came to help us in those days.一般过去式

• He is doing his homework now. 现在进行时

• At that time she was doing her homework.过去进行时

• I've written an article.现在完成时

• By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 。过去完成时

• It is going to rain.一般将来时

• I asked who was going there. 过去将来时

一般现在时

1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,

3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)

4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

6.例句:.

I am a student.——I am not a student.——Is she a student?

He knows the answer of my question.

He doesn’t know the answer of my question.

Does he know the answer of my question?

二、 一般过去时

1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

3.基本结构:be动词;I was a student last year.

行为动词 的过去式I finished my homework yesterday

4.否定形式:was/were+not; I was not a student last year.

在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。I didn’t finish my homework yesterday

5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;Were you a student last year?

用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。Didn’t they finish my homework yesterday?

三、 现在进行时

1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语:now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen

3.基本结构:be+doing He is doing his homework now.

4.否定形式:be+not+doing. He is not doing his homework now.

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。Is he doing his homework now.

四、 过去进行时

1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构 s+was/were+doing When he knocked at the door, his mother was cooking.

4.否定形式:s+was/were + not + doing. When he knocked at the door, his mother was not cooking.

5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)Was his mother cooking, when he knocked at the door?

五、现在完成时

1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.

3.基本结构:have/has + done

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 这个农村在过去的几年里变化了很多

4.否定形式:have/has + not +done. The countryside has not changed a lot in the past few years.

5.一般疑问句:have或has。Has the countryside changed a lot in the past few years.

六、 过去完成时

1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

3.基本结构:had + done.

As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.

4.否定形式:had + not + done. By the end of last month. We had not reviewed four books.

5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。By the end of last month. Had we reviewed four books.

基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)

①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他

②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

七、一般将来时

1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are+going to + do;will/shall + do.

It is going to rain.

They will finish work tomorrow.

4.否定形式:am/is/are not going to do ;will/shall not do。

It is not going to rain.

They will not finish work tomorrow.

5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。

Is it going to rain?

Will they finish work tomorrow?

Yes, they will.

No, they won’t.

八、 过去将来时

1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本结构:was/were+going to + do;would/should + do.

They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.

4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.

They told me that they would not go to work in Guangdong.

5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。

He said he was going there.

Was he going there?

英语十六个时态分别是什么

一、

1、一般现在时,表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的动作或状态,或者动作有时间规律发生的事件的一种时间状态。

【用动词原形。】

如:He gets up at 6 every day.

2、一般过去时,表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

【用动词过去时。】

如:But he got up at 7 this morning.

3、一般将来时,表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。

【will + 动词原形 或 be going to +动词原形】

如:He will get up at 5 tomorrow.

4、过去将来时,表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或呈现的状态。

【would + 动词原形 或 was/were going to +动词原形】

如:He said that he would get up at 5.

5、现在进行时,表示现在进行的动作或存在的状态。

【 be + ving】

如: He is having breakfast.

6、过去进行时,表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。【was/were + ving】

如:When Father came back home, I was doing my homework. 

7、将来进行时,表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。一般用延续性动词表示。

【 will be + ving】

如:Don't come at 8.  I will be having a meeting then.

8、.过去将来进行时,表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。

【would be + ving】

如:He asked me not to come at 8 because he would be having a meeting then. 

9、现在完成时,表示是“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成”。

【have/has + v过去分词】

如:I have finished my homework. 

10、过去完成时,表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果,用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。

【had + v过去分词】

如:He said that he had finished his homework. 

11、将来完成时,表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。

【will have + v过去分词】

如:We will have finished Book One by the end of this term. 

12、过去将来完成时,表示从过去观点看将来某时某动作已完成。

【would have + v过去分词】

如:They said that they would have finished Book One by the end of that term.

13、现在完成进行时,表示从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在的动作。

【have/has been + ving】

如:I have been reading for 5 hours. 

14、过去完成进行时,表示动作从某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,或者刚刚终止,或者可能仍然要继续下去。

【had been + ving】

如: He said that he had been reading for 5 hours. 

15、将来完成进行时,表示某种情况下一直持续到说话人所提及的时间,往往与将来的时间连用。【will have been + ving】

如: I shall have been reading for 5 hours by 8 o'clock in the evening. 

16、过去将来完成进行时,表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到对于过去来说的将来某一时间,动作是否继续下去,由上下文决定。

【would have been + ving英语动词时态用法】

如: He said that he would have been reading for 5 hours by 8'clock that evening.

二、

扩展资料:

1、区分时态顺口溜:

2、“时态一致”用法:

(1)如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实,则永远用现在时。

At that time,people did not know that the earth moves.

在那个时候,人们不知道地球是移动的

He told me last week that he is eighteen.

上星期他告诉我,他是十八

(2)宾语从句中的助动词ought,need,must,dare 时态是不变的。

He thought that I need not tell you the truth.

他认为我不必告诉你

参考资料来源:百度百科 - 时态

百度百科 - 动词时态

英语的八大时态

一)一般现在时。(do/does, am/is/are, 情态动词)

一般现在时表示的是客观事实或平时反复做的事情通常有频率副词always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,once a week,every day等。

如:The earth goes around the sun.

Japan lies east of China.

He is never late for school.

He often gets up at six every day.

Cats can climb trees.

I hear they have moved into a new house.

He writes to his father once a year.

一般现在时还可以表示、安排好的,或即将发生的事,通常使用瞬间动词come,start,begin,return,leave等。

如:My plane leaves at 6:00 a.m..

Is there any meeting today?

The game starts at 8:00.

(二)现在进行时。(am/is/are doing)

现在进行时表示现在或最近正在做的事情,后面一般接延续性的动词,都表示动作没有进行完。

如:Look! The boy is dancing.

He is watching a football game.

What are you doing now?

They are preparing for the exam recently.

还常与always,usually,constantly,forever,continually等词连用表示一种语气,“总是,老是…”,

如:He is always working late.

Why are you always making this kind of mistake?

He is continually getting into trouble with the police.

后面接暂转动词时表示正在反复的动作,或表示将来时(一般只有go, come, leave和have)

如:The monkeys are jumping.

They are hitting the tree.

表将来:We are going swimming this afternoon.

They are leaving here.

They are having an English class tomorrow.

试比较:

He is doing his homework until his parents come to take him home.

He will do his homework until his parents come to take him home.

注:表示知觉、感觉、看法、认识、情感或愿望的动词和大部分暂转动词不能用现在进行时,如:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, like, hate, dislike, want, love, hate, want, know, forget, remember, understand, believe, suppose, mean, wish, hope, need, believe, refuse, suppose, have, fit, seem, fear, own等

(三)现在完成时

现在完成时中用瞬间动词表示说话时已经完成的动作,而且这个动作对现在还有影响,句中的时间副词主要有already, yet, now, by this time, by now等;用延续动词表示过去已经开始持续到现在而且还有可能继续持续下去的动作,句中的时间副词主要有this week, in the past/last/recent few years, since…, for…。

如:He has already finished his homework.

He hasn’t arrived here yet.

They have been here for ten years.

He has waited here since he came.

与一般过去时比较,看下面一段对话:

A: Have you seen my book? I think I have lost it.

B: Yes, I ______ (see) it on your table just now. But it ______(not be) there any longer. Where and when ______ you ______(lose) it?

A: I think I ______ (lose) it yesterday.

B: ______ you ______ (find) it?

A: ______.(Yes./No.)

现在完成时中的瞬间动词与延续动词的相互转化:

have finished/stopped/ended → have been over

have started/begun → have been on

have joined → have been in/a member of

have turned/become/got → have been

have left → have been away from

have arrived/reached/got to → have been

have died → have been dead

have married/got married to sb. → have been married to sb.

(四)一般将来时。(will/shall do, am/is/are going to do, am/is/are doing, am/is/are about to do)

一般将来时表示将要发生或打算做的事情,

如:He will come back in two days.

When will he give the book back to me?

It’s going to rain.

We are going to hold a sports meeting next week.

They are leaving for New York.

He is about to leave.

(五)一般过去时。(did, was/were, 情态动词过去式)

一般过去时表示在过去的某个时间发生的具体事情,一般都要有表示过去的时间状语,

如:He went to school by bike yesterday.

We had a good time last night.

He could count to 1000 when he was three.

He was a teacher before.

注意:在直接引语转换成间接引语时时间状语的变化:

如:He said, “I did it yesterday.”

→ He said he did it the day before.

today → that day

yesterday → the/a/one day before

the day before yesterday → 2 days before

last week → the week before

2 weeks ago → 2 week before

tomorrow → the next day/the day after或one/a day later

the day after tomorrow → 2 days after/later

in a week/next week → the next week

in 2 weeks → 2 weeks after/later

(六)过去进行时。(was/were doing)

过去进行时表示在过去的某个具体时间里正在发生的事情,

如:He was reading newspaper at seven yesterday evening.

The Smiths are watching TV at nine last night.

When he got home, his mother was cooking.

或过去的某段时间里持续发生的事情,

如:I was studying English in London from 1990 to 1992.

He was washing the dishes from seven o’clock to seven thirty.

(七)过去完成时

表示在过去的一个动作之前就已经完成的动作,即过去之过去。注意与现在完成时不同的是过去完成时必须要有具体的时间状语。

如:The train had left before she got to the station.

They had learnt 2000 words by the end of last month.

He had been a doctor for 3 years before he came here.

He got back the book that he had left in the classroom.

No sooner had he got to the cinema than the film began.

Hardly had he got to the cinema when the film began.

注意:如果两个或几个动作连续发生且衔接紧密时用一连串的一般过去式即可。

如:He locked the door and went away.

Mr.Smith went to the market, bought some flowers and went to see his friends.

He sent a telegraph home before he left Paris.

(八)过去将来时。(would/should, was/were going to do, was/were doing)

过去将来时表示在过去某时就打算做的事情,或相对于过去将要发生的事情。

如:They were going swimming when I met them.

He said he would go to New York.

Yesterday he said it was going to rain, but it didn’t.

(九)复合时态。高中阶段所学到的复合时态主要有:

完成进行时,将来完成时和将来进行时。

完成进行时表示到目前为止一直在做某事。过去完成进行时还可以表示刚刚结束的进行动作。

如:He has been painting the house the whole morning.

They have been promising us to rise our salary these years.

They had been doing their homework for 3 hours before I came.

I asked him what he had just been doing?

He had just been sleeping before I got there.

将来完成时表示,到将来某时即将结束的动作。

如:We will have learnt 3000 English words by the end of next term.

They will have finished it by 12:00 tomorrow.

将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作。

如:We will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.

She will be waiting there at 8 a.m. if you ask her to.

英语时态表

英语时态表英语时态表

时态

名称

结构

常连用的词

主要用法

例句

一般现在时

1 由be的is am are表示,之后接名词,形容词或介词。

every…,

sometimes,

always,never,

often, usually等。

一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的习惯性的动作或状态,或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态

陈述句:I am an office worker. 

He is so lazy. They are at home now.

否定句: I am not Tim.

She is not very beauiful.

They are not in the office.

一般疑问句:Are you an office assistant? Is she beautiful?

2 由实意动词V构成,引导疑问句和否定句,用do或don’t。第三人称时用does或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形;第三人称陈述句V后加s或es.

陈述句:I work in Shanghai.

He works at home.

Davy never watches TV at home.

否定句: I don’t like the food in KFC.

Davy doesn’t like the food in KFC either.

一般疑问句:

Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near the subway station?

一般过去时。

1由 be的过去式是 was或 were表示。Is\ am---was;are---were.

yesterday,

last week,

an hour ago,

the day before yesterday,

in 1997。

在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

陈述句:I was a big boss.He was beautiful.

We were in Beijing last year.

否定句: I was not at home at that moment.

We were not at work yesterday.

一般疑问句: Were you a teacher?

Was she in the office last week?

2由V的过去式构成陈述句,疑问句和否定句用借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。

陈述句:I worked in Sunmoon.

We studied English there. He lived in HongKong.

否定句: I didn’t work here.

They didn’t see me. She liked English a lot.

一般疑问句: Did you go to America?

Did he work in Sunmoon?

时态

名称

结构

常连用的词

主要用法

例句

一般将来时

1 任何人称+will+动词原形.

tomorrow,

next year,

the month after next,

in two hours.

即将发生动作或状态。

陈述句:I will fly to KongKong tomorrow.

He will go with us.

We will arrive in Shanghai next week.

否定句:I will never believe you again.

He will not come tonight.

We will not buy a car next year.

一般疑问句:Will you go there by train?

Will he come tomorrow?

Will they live a five-star hotel?

2 is/am/are+going to+V原形,表示计划打算做什么事情。

陈述句:I’m going to go to Kongkong by air. 

否定句:We are not going to buy a house here.

一般疑问句:Are they going to change their jobs? 

特殊疑问句:How are you going to tell him?

过去将来时

was/were going to +V原形

在过去将会发生的动作。

陈述句:I was going to buy a computer.

They told me that they were not going to go abroad.

否定句:I was not going to buy a computer.

任何人称+would +V原形

He said he would come in in Shanghai. 

I said I would buy you a car one day.

时态

名称

结构

常连用的词

主要用法

例句

现在进行时

is/am/are+Ving 

now,

at the(this)moment

Look!(放在句首)

Listen! (放在句首)

表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

陈述句:I’m waiting for my boy friend.

He is doing the housework at home now.

We are enjoying ourselves.

否定句:He is not playing toys.

一般疑问句:Are you having dinner at home?

Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?

特殊疑问句:What are you doing now?

Where are they having a meal?

过去进行时

was/were+Ving

at that time

at 10 o’clock last night

at that moment等过去具体的时间

过去一段时间正在发生的动作。

陈述句:I was doing my homework at that time.

We were having a party while he was sleeping.

否定句:He was not sleeping at 11 o’clock last night.

一般疑问句: Were you watching TV at that time?

特殊疑问句: What were you doing at that moment?

时态

名称

结构

常连用的词

主要用法

例句

现在完成时

have/has +done(过去分词)

already;

just(not just now)

yet;ever;never;

for two weeks;

for a year;

for several days;

since 2004

since last week 

用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。简单的说,就是动作已经发生对现在造成明显的影响。

陈述句:I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter.

He has lived here for nearly 10 years.

否定句:I haven’t finished my homework..

Tim hasn’t come yet.

We haven’t heard any news about him

一般疑问句: Has he worked here since he came here?

特殊疑问句: How long have you worked in this company?

特别注意:

1. have/has always been+名词/形容词/介词:总是或一直是什么样子。。。

He has always been a good father. I have always been busy.

They have always been in America.

2. have/has gone to:去了。。。

He has gone to Beijing.

They have gone to the cinema.

3. have/has been to:表示去过或到过。。。

I have been to Canada. Have you been to Hongkong?

Where have you been? I have never been here.

过去完成时

had + done(过去分词)

by the end of last year

by last year

动作发生在过去的过去。

陈述句:He said he had told Davy.

They told us they had finished the work.

He left the office after he had called Davy.

否定句:She hadn’t had dinner before she went out. 

一般疑问句:Had she learnt English before she moved here?

特殊疑问句:how many English words had he learnt by the end of last year?

补充:

一、情态动词can, must, may。may没有否定形式。

陈述句: I can drive a car. He must tell the truth. We may get there on foot.

否定句:I can’t swim at all. You mustn’t(表示禁止) smoke in the office.

一般疑问句: Can you wait a minute? Must I stay at home? May I use your phone?

特殊疑问句: How can I get there? What must I do now?

由情态动词的过去式构成,can—could.

She could walk when she was one year old.

I could not speak English one year ago.

二、各种时态用法补充:

1、一般现在时

(1)在由after, until, befor, once, when, even if ,in case, as long as, as soon as, the moment以及if, unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时。

例:I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.

我一看见他,就把消息告诉他。

(2)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be, go, come, start, depart, arrive, begin, leave等。

(3)在由why, what, where, whoever, who, that,as等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时。

例:Tomorrow at this time we’ll give $500 to any one who brings him to justice.

2、一般将来时

(1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或即将发生的事情。

例:I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money.

(2)be to +v表示计划安排将要做的事。

例:There is to be a rail strike on July 18th.

(3)be about to+v表示即将发生的事情。

例:We are about to start.

(4)be e to+v表示预先确定了的、必定要发生的事。

例:His book is e to be published in October.

他的书预定10月份出版。

(5)be on the point/verge of +(v-ing)sth.强调即将发生的某种事态。

例:The country is on the verge of civil war.

这个国家就要打内战了。

3、现在进行时

(1)表示现阶段经常发生的动作,常与always, continually, constantly等连用(多表示赞扬或厌恶等语气)。

例:John is always coming late. 约翰总是迟到。

(2)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词,即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有;go, come, leave, start, arrive,return等。

例:They are leaving for Hongkong next monty.

他们下个月去香港。

(3)有些动词一般不能使用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉”、“感情”、“存在”、“从属”等的动词。如:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, appear(表示感觉的动词);hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive(表示感情的动词);be, exist, remain, stay, obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of , form(表示占有与从属的动词);understand, know, belive, think, doubt, forget, remember(表示思考、理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变,有时也可使用进行时态。

例:Jane looks pale.What’s wrong with him?

珍妮看上去脸色苍白,她怎么了?(look在此为联系动词)

例:Jane is looking for his books.

珍妮正在寻找她的书。(look在此为实义动词)

4.完成进行时

完成进行时是完成时的强调形式。

5.完成时态

(1)现在完成时与与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调过去发生的动作与现在的关系,如所发生的结果、影响等;而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去表示某一时刻,不表示与现在的关系。

(2)完成时态可用在下列结构中:

This(That,it)is(was )the first(second….)time+定语从句:

This(That,It)is(was) the only (last)+名词+定语从句;This (This,It)is (was)+形容词最高级+名词+定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,从句的谓语动词动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句的谓语动词通常用过去完成时。

例1:This is the first time(that )I’ve drunk Californian champagne.

这是我第一次喝加利福尼亚香槟酒。

例2:There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

有人敲门,这是当天晚上第二次有人打扰我了。

6.动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望,预期,意图或愿望等没有实现。

例1:I had meant to leave to on Monday, but have stayed on.

我本来打算星期一离开,但最终还是继续留下来了。

另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是:

7.was / were+ to have done sth.

例1:We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t.

我们本想昨天来的,但我们来不了。

8.intended (expected, hoped, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired)+ to have done sth.

例:1I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.

我本想告诉你这件事,但我忘掉了。

9.过去完成时常用于以下固定句型:

(1)hardly / scarcely / barely+过去完成时(倒装形式)+when +过去时

例1:Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.

我一到达就有新问题要处理。

(2) no sooner+过去完成时(倒装形式)+than +过去时。

例1:No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.

这话刚说出口,他就意识到他本该保持沉默的。

(3)by(the end of )+过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。

例1:By the end of that year Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.

到那年年底,亨利已收集了一千多张外国邮票

英语时态表

16个时态中,常用的有12个:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用.

1、一般现在时 

通常以动词原形表示。主语为第三人称单数时,用现单三形式。 

动词be和have(表示“拥有”)各人称的单数形式为: 

第一人称单数 第二人称单数 第三人称单数 

Have Have Have Has 

Be Am Are is 

一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下: 

动词be 与 have(表示“拥有”):否定式直接把not放在动词之后,疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前,见下表: 

否定式 疑问式 

Be Have Be Have 

I am not (I’m not)… I have not (haven’t)… Am i…? Have i…? 

You are not (aren’t)… You have not (haven’t)… Are you…? Have you…? 

He is not (isn’t)… He has not (hasn’t)… Is he …? Has he …? 

动词be 的否定疑问式和简单回答: 

否定疑问式 肯定回答 否定回答 

Am I not (aren’t i)…? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t 

Are you not (aren’t you)…? Yes, I am. No, I’m not. 

Is he not (isn’t he)…? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t 

动词be 与 have(表示“拥有”):否定式直接把not放在动词之后,疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前,见下表: 

否定式 疑问式 

Be Have Be Have 

I am not (I’m not)… I have not (haven’t)… Am i…? Have I …? 

You are not (aren’t)… You have not (haven’t)… Are you …? Have you…? 

He is not (isn’t)… He has not (hasn’t)… Is he …? Has he …? 

动词have(表示“拥有”) 的否定疑问式和简单回答: 

否定疑问式 肯定回答 否定回答 

Have I not (haven’t i)…? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. 

Have you not (haven’t you)…? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. 

Has he not (hasn’t he)…? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. 

注意:have 作为行为动词则只能按照行为动词的规则变化。 

行为动词(以study为例)一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答(注意要加助动词do/does) 

否定式 疑问式 

I do not (don’t) study Do I study 

You do not (don’t) study Do you study 

He does not (doesn’t) study Does he study 

否定疑问句式 简单回答(肯定/否定) 

Do I not (Don’t I) study…? Yes, I do. No, I don’t. 

Do you not (Don’t you) study…? Yes, you do. No, you don’t. 

Does he not (Doesn’t he) study…? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. 

2、现在进行时 

由助动词be + 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化,有三种形式:第一人称单数用am, 第三人称单数用is, 其他用are。 

现在进行时的否定式是:直接在助动词be后面加上not;疑问式是:把助动词be提到主语之前。以study 为例: 

否定式 疑问式 

I am not studying Am I studying? 

You are not studying, Are you studying? 

He is not studying. Is he studying? 

5、一般过去时 

一般过去时通常由动词过去式表示。一般过去时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式要用助动词do 的过去式did, 同时注意实义动词要用原形。以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下: 

否定式 疑问式 

I did not (didn’t) study…. Did I study…? 

You did not (didn’t) study…. Did you study…? 

He did not (didn’t) study…. Did he study…? 

否定疑问式 简单回答 (肯定/否定) 

Did I not (Didn’t I) study…? Yes, you did. No, you didn’t. 

Di you not (Didn’t you) study…? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. 

Did he not (Didn’t he) study…? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t. 

6、过去进行时 

由助动词be 的过去式 + 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化,第一、第三人称单数用was,其他用were. 

1)过去进行时动词主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作。过去进行时经常与过去时配合使用。例如: 

This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. 昨天这个时候,我们正在上英语课。 

The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.  老师在给我们上课时,汤姆走进教室。 

While we were having supper, all the lights went out. 我们吃饭的时候,灯灭了。 

He was reading while she was setting the table. 她摆桌子时,他在读书。 

It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天渐渐黑下来了。风势增强了。 

2)过去进行时动词常用always, continually, frequently 等词连用,表示过去经常发生的行为。这种用法表明带有的感彩。例如: 

The two brothers were frequently quarreling when they were young. 两兄弟小时候常吵架。 

In Qing Dynasty, China was always making concessions to western powers. 清朝时,中国总是对西方列强妥协。 

7、过去完成时 

一律用had + 过去分词构成。 

用法: 

1)表示发生在过去某一时间或动作之前的事情,即“过去的过去”。用过去完成时,必须有一个过去的时间或动作来作参照,说明在此之前某事已发生。如果两个动作都是在过去发生的,先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的用一般过去时。例如: 

She told me she had been there three times before. 她告诉我她以前到过那里三次。(“去过”发生在“告诉”之前) 

How long had he taught here by the end of last term? 到上学期末为止,他在这里教学多长时间啦? (“教学”发生在上学期末结束之前) 

When we arrived, the football match had already begun. 我们到的时候,足球赛已经开始了。 

She had visited China twice before she came this year. 她今年来中国之前已访问过中国两次了。 

2)过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态,这一动作一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下去。例如: 

By the middle of last month, I had lived in Beijing for five years. 到上月中旬,我已在北京住了五年了。 

By six o’clock they had worked for eight hours. 到六点为止,他们已工作八小时了。

When I came to Shanghai, he had been there for a long time. 我到上海时,他在那里很长时间了。 

3)过去完成时动词常用于间接引语和虚拟语气,我们以后会详细讲述。 

4)此外,过去完成时常用于 no sooner…than… 和 hardly(scarcely) …when… 这两个句型,前面部分用过去完成时,后面部分用一般过去时。例如: 

No sooner had he stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. = He had no sooner stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. 他刚偷到钱包就被当场抓获。 

Saddam had hardly realized what was happening when he was captured. = Hardly had Saddam realized what was happening when he was captured. 萨达姆还没有意识到在发生什么事情就被抓获了。 

8、过去完成进行时 

had been + 动词的现在分词。 

用法:表示一直持续到过去某个时间的行为动作,此行为动作或刚结束、或还没结束(可以从上下文看出)。这一时态经常与一般过去时一起使用。例如: 

When he came in, I had been trying to repair the TV for a couple of hours. 他进来的时候,我一直在努力修理电视机好几个小时了 

The roads were dangerous. It had been raining for two whole days. 道路很危险。雨一直下了两整天。 

They were tired because they had been digging since dawn. 他们累了,因为从天亮开始他们就一直在挖。 

The boy was delighted with the new mountain bike. He had been hoping for one for a long time. 那男孩得到一辆新山地自行车很高兴。很长时间来他一直希望有一辆。 

9、一般将来时 

一般将来时动词表示将来发生的动作或情况。主要有以下几种表现形式: 

(1)shall/will + 动词原形 

表示单纯的将来,不涉及主语的主观意愿。第一人称I, we用shall 或will,其余用will. 其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下: 

否定式 疑问式 

I shall/will not study…. Shall I study…? 

You will not study…. Will you study…? 

He will not study…. Will he study…? 

否定疑问式 简单回答(肯定/否定) 

Shall I not (shan’t i) study…? Yes, you will. No, you won’t. 

Will you not (Won’t you) study…? Yes, I shall/will. No, I shan’t/won’t. 

Will he not (Won’t he) study….? Yes, he will. No, he won’t. 

例如: 

I shall be twenty years old next year. 我明年二十岁。 

The sky is black. I think it will rain. 天黑下来了。我想可能会下雨。

You will meet him at the station this afternoon. 你下午会在车站碰到他。 

The train will arrive soon. 火车快要到了。 

When shall we see you next time? 我们下次什么时候能看见你呢? 

He probably won’t go with us.  他大概不能和我们一起去。 

注意: 

1)shall, will的缩写形式为’ll, 如I’ll, you’ll, he’ll 和she’ll等。 

2)will 用于第一人称时,可以表示将来的意愿、决心、允诺、命令等;shall用于第二、三人称时,可以表示说话人的将来的意愿。例如: 

I will give you a new pen for your birthday. 我将送你一支新钢笔作为生日礼物。(允诺) 

I will take the college entrance examination. 我将参加大学入学考试。(决心) 

Shall I open the window?  我打开窗户好吗?(征求允诺) 

You shall have the book as soon as I get it. 我一拿到书就给你。(说话人的允诺) 

The enemy shall not pass.  决不让敌人通过。(说话人的保证) 

I will do my best to help you.  我愿意尽力帮助你。(意愿) 

Nobody shall be late for the meeting. 任何人开会都不能迟到。(说话人的命令) 

(2)be going + 动词不定式 

1)这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。例如: 

My brother is going to learn English next year.  我哥哥准备明年学英语。 

I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆。 

She is not going to be there.  她不会到那儿去的。 

When are you going to finish your work?  你的工作什么时候做完? 

He is going to stay a week.  他准备呆一星期。 

We are going to call a meeting to discuss it. 我们准备开个会来讨论一下。 

2)这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。例如: 

Look at these black clouds?it is going to rain. 看这些乌云?要下雨了。 

I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪。 

I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold.  恐怕我要得重感冒。 

10、将来进行时 

shall/will be + 现在分词 

用法:将来进行时动词表示在将来某一段时间内将会发生的动作。 

This time next week we shall be working in that factory. 下星期这时候,我们将在那个工厂劳动。 

When I get up tomorrow morning, my mother will be getting breakfast for me. 当我明天早晨起床时,我妈妈将在为我准备早饭。 

I will be seeing him next month.  我下个月将要见他。 

Tomorrow we will be going to the village fair.    我们明天去赶集。 

We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.  七月份我们要去海边度假。 

一般将来时与将来进行时都表示将来,那么如何区别一般将来时和将来进行时呢?将来进行时不表示个人意愿,强调主观上感觉某事即将发生,并对这一事情有着期待,感彩较浓,强调动作。一般将来时主要是对某一事情即将发生做一个事实性的说明或陈述,强调事实或意愿。 

11、过去将来时 

(1)由should/would + 动词原形构成。第一人称用should; 第二、三人称用would。美国英语所有人称一律用would. should/would 的简略形式为’d, 如I’d, you’d; would not 和should not的简略形式分别为wouldn’t 和shouldn’t. 

(2)过去将来时表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情,多用在宾语从句中。还可以表示过去的倾向或过去经常发生的事情。如: 

They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon. 他们问我是否很快要去广州。 

She told me she would come again next week. 她和我说她下周还来。 

I told him to leave immediately, but he wouldn’t. 我告诉他马上离开,但他不。 

He’d play the violin when he was in low spirits. 他情绪低落的时候,就拉小提琴。 

When I was in college, I would find a part-time job ring the summer holidays every year to earn my tuition. 我上大学的时候,每年暑假都找份临时工挣学费。 

(3)其他表示过去将来时的结构: 

12、将来完成时 

shall/will + have + 过去分词 

用法:将来完成时动词主要表示在将来的某一时刻或将来的某一时刻之前完成的动作,这一动作也可能继续进行。例如: 

By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have got to Shanghai if the train keeps good line. 如果火车运行正常,我们今天下午七点就到上海了。 

Before bedtime Xiao Ming will have completed his work. 到上床睡觉的时候,小明会做完他的工作(或作业)。 

By February next year this foreign expert will have been here on this job for five years. 到明年二月,这个外国专家在这儿做这项工作就满五年了。 

By Sept. 2008 Beijing will have held/hosted the Olympic Games.  到2008年9月,北京将举行完了奥运会。

英语时态

英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的一般时、进行时、完成时和完成进行时

1. 一般现在时: She likes cat.

2. 一般过去时: She left yesterday.

3. 一般将来时:She will come here tomorrow.

4. 现在进行时: It's raining outside.

5. 过去进行时: I was thinking about the program just now.

6. 将来进行时:I will be thinking about it by this time next Monday.

7.现在完成时:I have finished these tasks.

8. 过去完成时:I had finished these tasks.

9. 将来完成时: I will have finished these tasks by the end of today.

10. 现在完成进行时:I have been learning English since three years ago.

11. 过去完成进行时: He had been waiting for two weeks. He was still waiting.

12. 将来完成进行时:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.

13. 过去将来时:She was sixty-six. In three years,she would be sixty-nine.

14. 过去将来完成时:I thought you'd have left by this time.

15. 过去将来进行时:They said they would be coming.

16. 过去将来完成进行时:By the end of the month he would have been living here for ten years.

标签: 时态
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